Dab tsi yog intermediates hauv biology?
Intermediates xa mus rau cov molecules uas tau tsim thaum lub sij hawm ntawm biosynthesis, metabolism, thiab lwm yam kab mob lom. Lawv yog cov tseem ceeb intermediaries nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov kab mob nyob.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm intermediates hauv biology
Intermediates ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem lom neeg ntawm ob qho tib si prokaryotic thiab eukaryotic kab mob. Lawv yog cov tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm synthesizing proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, thiab carbohydrates.
Cov neeg nruab nrab kuj tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua pa ntawm tes, cov txheej txheem los ntawm cov kab mob uas muaj sia hloov pauv cov zaub mov molecules rau hauv lub zog. Lawv yog cov intermediaries tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv kev hloov ntawm lub zog ntawm ib tug molecule mus rau lwm yam nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm electrons. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg nruab nrab kuj tau koom nrog hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm cov noob qhia thiab kev qhia ntawm tes.
Piv txwv ntawm intermediates
Ib qho piv txwv ntawm ib qho nruab nrab hauv biology yog acetyl CoA, uas yog tsim thaum lub sij hawm tawg ntawm cov piam thaj thiab fatty acids. Acetyl CoA yog ib qho tseem ceeb molecule uas koom nrog hauv kev sib txuas ntawm fatty acids thiab cholesterol.
Lwm qhov piv txwv ntawm qhov nruab nrab yog pyruvate, uas yog tsim thaum lub sij hawm glycolysis, cov txheej txheem uas cov piam thaj tau tawg mus rau hauv pyruvate. Pyruvate yog ib qho tseem ceeb molecule uas koom nrog ntau cov txheej txheem metabolic, suav nrog kev sib txuas ntawm acetyl-CoA, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev sib txuas ntawm fatty acids thiab cholesterol.
Metabolic intermediates
Metabolic intermediates xa mus rau cov molecules uas tsim thaum lub sij hawm cov txheej txheem ntawm metabolism. Cov intermediates no yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev rhuav tshem cov zaub mov molecules thiab hloov mus rau hauv lub zog.
Ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov metabolic nruab nrab yog citrate, uas yog tsim thaum lub sij hawm citric acid. Citrate yog ib qho tseem ceeb molecule uas koom nrog hauv kev sib txuas ntawm fatty acids thiab amino acids.
Lwm qhov piv txwv ntawm metabolic intermediate yog malate, uas yog tsim thaum lub sij hawm citric acid voj voog. Malate yog ib qho nruab nrab uas koom nrog hauv kev tsim lub zog thaum lub sijhawm ua pa ntawm tes.
Kev cuam tshuam ntawm intermediates ntawm tus kab mob
Intermediates tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv qhov pib thiab kev loj hlob ntawm ntau yam kab mob. Piv txwv li, qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov enzyme uas hloov phenylalanine mus rau tyrosine hauv daim siab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tsim cov phenylalanine, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas hlwb thiab lwm yam tsos mob cuam tshuam nrog phenylketonuria.
Tsis tas li ntawd, kev sib sau ntawm qee yam metabolic intermediates, xws li lactate, tuaj yeem ua rau metabolic acidosis, ib qho mob uas pH ntawm cov ntshav poob mus rau qib txaus ntshai. Metabolic acidosis tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm ntau yam mob, nrog rau kab mob raum, ua pa tsis ua haujlwm, thiab ntshav qab zib.
Xaus
Hauv kev xaus, intermediates yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm kom zoo ntawm cov kab mob muaj sia. Lawv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem biosynthesis, metabolism, thiab lwm yam kev lom neeg. Kev kawm ntawm cov neeg nruab nrab yog qhov tseem ceeb rau peb txoj kev nkag siab ntawm cov txheej txheem uas cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem ntawm tes thiab kab mob.